亚洲锈病已致巴西大豆250亿美元损失

巴西农业和畜牧业协会（CNA）代表Silvesio de Oliveira在农业和土地登记委员会的公开听证会上指出，由于缺乏对亚洲锈病的有效防控，自2003/2004大豆收获季以来，这种病害已对大豆作物造成250亿美元的损失。该代表支持政府在新农药登记，尤其是杀菌剂登记方面颁布更灵活的规定。

亚洲锈病是一种迅速蔓延的真菌性疾病，其孢子可以随风四处传播。适宜孢子生长的环境条件为气温24摄氏度左右以及耕地区域湿润达到6小时。感染这种疾病的作物的主要症状是在种粒形成前就出现早期脱落，造成减产。

Silvesio de Oliveira说，如果巴西马托格罗索省大豆总量占国内三分之一，那么上一季全国大豆生产就遭受了30亿美元的损失。据他称，锈病不仅对大豆产量造成损失，还影响新的就业机会和城区经济。并且由于大豆用于动物的繁殖和饲养，病害还影响了畜牧业的发展。鉴于该情况，他支持政府在新农药登记，尤其是在用于防治锈病的杀菌剂登记方面颁布更灵活的规定。他解释说，由于目前已有的农药正在失去效力，因此增加市场上可用于防控病害的农药品种十分有必要。

Silvesio de Oliveira, the representative o f Agriculture and Livestock Confederation of Brazil (CNA), defends more agility of the government in the release of new pesticides registrations, especially fungicides.

The lack of an adequate control of Asian Rust, a plague that affects the soybean crop has already caused losses of $ 25 billion since the 2003/2004 harvest for only this crop, says Silvesio de Oliveira, at the public hearing in the Committee on Agriculture and Land Redistribution (CRA) of the Senate to discuss the socio-economic impacts of the disease on soybean. In his presentation, he also showed data suggesting losses of the order of $ 1 billion last season only in Mato Grosso, which is equivalent to 15 sacks less in this product sales, depending on the variety of seed, compromising almost 30% of the farmer’s income, on average.

If Mato Grosso produces a third of the country’s soybean, it can be said that the soybean production in the whole country had a loss of $ 3 billion last season. According to him, the rust has damaged not only the production, but the creation of new jobs, the cities economies and husbandry, since soy is used in breeding and feeding of animals.

Given this context, he defends more agility by the government in releasing the new pesticide registrations, especially fungicides, which are usually more used to combat this rust.

It is necessary to expand the number of products available in the market because the ones we have are losing effectiveness – he explained.

The Asian Rust is a fungal disease that spreads rapidly due to the efficient spread of the fungus spores by wind. The conditions that favor its development are temperatures around 24ºC and 6 hours of wetting in the cultivated areas. The early shed that stops the complete grain formation, as a reduction in productivity, is the main symptom presented by crops.