十几种外来害虫对巴西产生威胁

巴西圣保罗大学退休遗传学教授及昆虫服务机构Moscamed 的主任Aldo Malavasi近日表示，在未来几年中，至少有十几种外来害虫可能入侵巴西，并带来灾难性后果。

入侵将导致作物产量下降，污染增加，出口减少。由于不仅要承担产量下降带来的损失，生产者们还需要为使用新型农药或加大农药剂量增加成本，因此他们是害虫入侵带来的主要损失承担者。

Malavasi说，这些新的害虫能轻易越过巴西边境，因此巴西贸易壁垒将加重，使得国家利益同样遭受损失。据他称，造成此次入侵的主要原因是农业部在检查过程中产生了疏漏。这个问题同样存在于其他国家，但当情况发生时，这些国家都具有一个有效的检测系统。新西兰、智利和美国等国就对生物安全问题相当关注。Malavasi认为巴西在植保政策方面需要进行大刀阔斧的改革。否则，巴西每隔两年就会有害虫入侵。这些害虫可能来自非洲、委内瑞拉、巴拉圭等各个国家。

巴西农业部称，巴西边境设有28个人员永久驻守的边哨所，但由于巴西国土面积较大，这些哨所不可能覆盖整个巴西边境。农业部官员说，“并不是检查过程产生了疏漏，而是这种检查从本质上来说是不可能绝对安全的。”研究人员、专家、及政府官员将在圣保罗几种讨论该问题的解决方案。 

英文对照：

At least a dozen exotic pests may enter in Brazil in the next few years and the consequences of this event will be disastrous, stated Aldo Malavasi, retired professor of genetics at USP and director at Moscamed.

The consequences will result in production decrease, bigger contamination and export decline. Producers are the ones that have to deal with losses since they have higher costs by having to use new chemicals and to use them in significant amount, besides the drop in production.

The country loses as well because the trade barriers will be enhanced due to new pests.Malavasi says these new pests can get easily through Brazilian border. The main reason is the omission during the inspection done by the Department of Agriculture, according to him.

This problem also exists in other countries, but when a situation like this occurs there is an effective detection system. New Zealand, Chile and the United States are examples of countries that have a great biosafety concern.

Malavasi says the country needs a radical overhaul for plant protection. Otherwise, there will be pests entering Brazil every two years. These pests can come from Africa, Venezuela, Paraguay and other countries.

The Department of Agriculture says there are 28 border posts, with staff working permanently. But it is not possible to cover the entire length of the boundaries of Brazil, because of the continental size of the country.“There is no omission and it is not possible to have absolute safety”, says the Department.

Efforts are at critical points. Researchers, experts and the government gather in São Paulo to discuss this subject.